Machine for manufacturing books.



4 ,5 4 A PATENTED MAIL-2'6, 1907.

- 4W. H. MARVIN & R. R. VESSEY.

I MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1898.

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APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. I898.

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APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1898.

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v PATENTED MAR.'26; 1907. W..H. MARVIN & R VESSBY'. MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1898.

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No. 848,563. v PATENTED MAR. 26, 19Q7.

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' W H. M'ARVIN & R. R. VESSBE, MACHINE vFOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS.

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PATENTED MAR. 26, 1907.

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" W. H. MARVIN & R. R. VESSBY.

MACHINE FOR MANUFAGTURING BOOKS.

APPLICATION FILE!) MAY 5. 1898.

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No. 848 ,563.- I PATENTED MAR. 26, 1907. v .w. H." MARVIN & R. R. VESSBY.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS;

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1898.

rut NORRIS PETERS cm, WASHINGTON, n. c

. PATBNTED MAR. 26, 1907.:- w. H. MARVIN'6z R. R. VESS BY; MA'GHINBFOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS.

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A PPLI0ATION FILED KAY 5, 1898. v

12 SKEETS-SHEET 11.

r": Nnmzrs PETERS 9a., WASHINGTON DFQ No. 848,563. PATENTED MAR. 26, 1907'; w. H. MARVIN. & R. VESSBY. MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1898.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 12.

via/rm Adm;

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. MARVIN AND ROBERT R. vEssEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNORS TO FRED WHITE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING BOOKS- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 26, 1907 Application filed May 5,1898. Serial No. 679,797.

To all whont it may concern.-

Be it known that we, WILLIAM H. MARVIN and ROBERT It. VEssEY, both citizens of the United States and both residents of the borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and city and State of New York, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Manufacturing Books, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines for suc cessively performing a number of consecutive operations incident to the making of books and aims to provide an improved mechanism especially applicable to lining-up and head-banding the backs of books, but also capable of adaptation for other steps in bookbinding.

Various machines have heretofore been employed for binding bookssuch, for example, as the Crawley rounding and backing machines and the Lovell and Bredenberg and Arnold bookbinding machines. In these it has been customary to clamp the signatures composing the book and carry them to successive positions, at each of which some operation incident to binding the book has been performed, after which the book is discharged either as a wholly or partly completed book, according to the machine or machines with which it has been acted on and the operation or operations to which it has been subjected. Many machines simply round and back the book, discharging it as a stitched coverless book ready for the liningup process preliminary to the application of the cover to the book. The lining-up is the term commonly employed to designate the gluing onto the back of a stitched, rounded, and-backed book of first a super and then a lining paper if the book is to have no head-band, or, if a head-band is to be used,

second the head-band, and then the lining paper. The super is usually a sheet of net ting or textile material of less length than the height of the book and of greater width than the width of the back or the thickness of the book. It is gummed at its middle to the middle of the back of the book, its sides being left as projecting flaps to be glued to the inner face of the cover for connecting the bookand cover together. The lining is usually a piece of paper of like dimensions with the back of the book and pasted thereon over the super to stiffen the book and insure its keeping in shape. The head-band is a narrow strip of ornamental ribbon pasted on the edge of the back, with its edge projecting slightly beyond the latter to give an ornamental and finished appearance. These parts are still usually applied to the book by hand, and much care is required for correctly applying them. The operations requisite to applying them are, first, the thorough gumming of the back of the book, then the application of the super thereto, application of gum over the back and the part of the super adhering thereto, and then the location of the lining on the back and subjecting it to suitable pressure to firmly adhere it thereto throughout its length. The convexity of the back for a rounded book has added to the difficulty of locating and adhering the super and lining, and the operations have been slow and tedious of performance.

Our invention aims to provide improved mechanism by which these or other operations of bookbinding can be automatically performed mechanically with relatively great speed and with exactness and uniformity.

To this end in carrying out the preferred form of our present invention as applied to a machine for lining up books we provide a series of book-clamps having an endwise movement, tracks for these clamps, and a plurality of revolving clamp-carriers having an in termittent rotary movement on an axis paralthen an lel to the tracks, which carriers successively receive the clamped books and present them to mechanism adapted to perform successive operations on the books, the clamps being shifted from one carrier to another to bring them into position for successive operations and being fed from the book-receiving to the bookdischarging position automatically in their transit of the machine. Any convenient number of clamps may be used, forty-eight being shown in the drawings as an example. The tracks are preferably composed of revolving and stationary portions, the revolving portions being formed on the periphery of the revolving carriers, which latter for this purpose are preferably formed as hollow drums or skeleton cylinders and the station ary portion being between and connecting two opposite tracks of the moving portion. The drums preferably consist of two large end drums and a smaller intermediate drum set eccentrically of the end drums with its periphery coinciding therewith at one point and sufficiently .inwardly thereof at the dia metrically opposite point to make room for the stationary track at this point. The clamps are fed from one end drum to the track and from the latter to the other end drum, from which they are fed to the small drum and back to the large drum again, traveling in their transit of the machine an endless path of approximately spiral form. During the revolution of the drums the mechanism operating on the books is inac tive, and during the rests these mechanisms perform their functions, and the longitudinal feeding mechanism feeds the clamps longitudinally of the tracks. At the same time the feeding and discharge takes place.

The invention provides improved mechanism for successively gumming, supering, gumming and lining a rounded and backed book, and it also provides improved pressing and rubbing mechanism for insuring complete adhesion of the super and lining paper to the book, provides rests during which the gum applied can sufficiently dry and set, and provides various other features of improvement, all of which will be hereinafter fully set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a fragmentary front elevation of a machine constructed according to the preferred form of our invention. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary rear elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view thereof. Fig. 4c is a fragmentary end elevation thereof. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary transverse section thereof cut on the lines 5 5 in Figs. 1 and 3 and looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section thereof cut on the line 6 6 in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 and looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section thereof cut approximately on the line 7 7 of Figs. 1, 4, and 6 and showing the bottom mechanism in plan. Fig. 8 is a face view of the cam for operating the first gluer. Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical crosssection of one of the book-carrying clamps, taken through the axis of the clamping mechanism, which latter is also shown in section, the view being cut on the line 9 9 in Fig. 10. Fig. 10 is a fragmentar front elevation thereof. Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section of the clamp alone in the open position. Fig. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section showing the super-applying mechanism. Fig. 13 is a fragmentary plan view thereof. Fig. 14 is a fragmentary plan view of the super-carrier. Fig. 15 is an end view thereof. Fig. 16 is a front elevationthereof, showing the mechanism in section on the line 16 16 in Fig. 12. Fig. 17 is an enlarged side elevation, partly in vertical section, of

the lining-applier, showing it in the feeding position. Fig. 18 is a fragmentary side ele' vation thereof, showing it in the applying position. Fig. .19 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation, partly in section, of the liningpresser. Fig. 20 is an end elevation thereof, and 21 is an elevation of the lifting-cam therefor. Fig. 22 is a detail view and Figs. 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 are face and edge views of the book, super, supered book, lining, and linedbook, respectively. Fig. 28 is a diagram.

Referring to the drawings, we will now describe in detail the various features of construction, arrangement, and operation embodying the preferred form of our invention as therein shown.

The machine comprises in general a suitable frame A, a driving-shaft B, a cam-shaft O, a plurality of revolving clamp-carriers or drums D, E, and F, gearing G, intermittently operating the carriers, gearing H, continuously operating the cam-shaft, a plurality of clamps I for carrying the books J, clampfeeders K for moving the clamps, closers L for closing the clamps on the books, a primary gummer M for applying the first adhesive to the books, a super-applier N for attaching supers to the books, a second gum mer O for applying adhesive to the supers, a lining mechanism P for applying liningp ap er thereto, pressing mechanism Q, for affixing the lining, a releaser R for opening the clamps, and a feed-table S at the discharging and receiving point of the machine. The clamp-carriers have like longitudinal tracks T, coinciding at one or more points, through which tracks the clamps I are fed endwise from the feeding position to the successive positions for first gluing, receiving the super, second gluing, receiving the lining, and discharging, all of which positions are at different points longitudinally of the machine.

The books are placed in the clamps from the table S at the position 1, which table is opposite a stand or support U, having tracks T for the clamps intervening between the carriers D and F and coinciding with the tracks thereof. This support U holds the clamps during the feeding and discharging of books to and from them. While in the position 1 the clamps are closed on the book by theclosing apparatus L, after which they are moved to the carrier D, by which they are carried down to the position 2, where they are held stationary during the operation of the gummer M, which applies gum to the back of the book. The clamp is then carried by the carrier D to the point where the tracks carrying it are in coincidence with the tracks of the. carrier E, and when both carriers are at rest the adjacent feeder K pushes the clamp from the tracks of the carrier D into those of the carrier E. This carrier is of a length as many times greater than the length of the clamp as there are operations to be performed on the book while it is in this carrier. The carrier E shown is adapted for holding the book during three operations on it, and therefore has three longitudinal portions E E E in which the clamps successively rest. A clamp is first fed to the portion E from the carrier D and is then carried upwardly and around with the revolution of the gear until it reaches position 3, where during the rest of the carrier a super Wis applied to the now sufliciently-dried glued back of the book, this being done by the applier N. The clamp is then carried up to the rear feeding position and is again fed along until it reachesthe part E of the carrier E, by which it is carried around to position 4, where the second gummer applies gum to the back of the super. The clamp is then carried up to the rear feeding position and is fed to the part E by which it is carried up and around to the position 5, where a lining-paper V is applied to the glued back of the super by the liner P. During the next rest of the carrier E or at any subsequent movement of the book this liner is pressed home by a suitable presser, as Q. The carrier E raises the book.

to the rear feeding position, where it is fed from the carrier E into the tracks ofthe carrier F, by which it is carried up and around to the front feeding position, where the tracks of this carrier come in coincidence with those of the support U, whereupon the clamp is fed from the carrier to the latter and along it until it reaches the discharge position 6, in moving to which the clamp is released by the releaser B, so that the book can be removed. An auxiliary closer X is located at the feeding position 1, so that clos ing of the clamp shall be insured before it passes from the holder to the first carrier.

The book is fed to the machine properly rounded and backed and ready for the liningup operation and is discharged properly lined. It is firmly held by the clamp during the time between feeding and discharging and intermittently traverses in its transit of the machine a plurality of circular paths, in traversing which between operations opportunity for sufficient drying of the adhesive is afforded.

The structural details of the features for carrying out the various movements and operations .incident to our invention, can be such as circumstances or choice dictate; but we prefer the particular constructions shown which e'mbody in themselves features of improvement incident to the invention.

The carriers have an intermittent or step by-step revolution. The carriers D and F are concentric and of large diameter, and the carrier E is eccentric thereto and of sufliciently smaller diameter to provide room for the support U between the carriers D and F and in front of the carrier E, so that the books lower part held by the latter can pass the support without interference and the clamps can traverse between the carriers D and F. The carriers are preferably mounted on horizontal axes on the same horizontal plane and are driven at relative rotative speeds proportioned to the number of tracks in each. The carriers shown each have twelve tracks and are consequently each moved one-twelfth of a revolution at each step. They are so proportioned that at one point their peripheral tracks coincide, this point being shown as at the rear of the machine, so that the clamps can be fed from one carrier to the next. If the carriers have not the same number of tracks, each should be rotated with such peripheral speed that their successive tracks aline or coincide at such oint.

The l ame A has bearings a for the carriers D and F, a for the shaft 1) of the carrier E, and a a for the gearing between the carrier. The bearing a is shown as a hollow grooved flange consisting of a semicircular a, bolted to the frame and having an internal groove, and a similar upper part a bolted to the lower part, these being provided at each end of the machine. The carriers D and F are shown as having tubular hubs at, having outturned flanges a fitting the grooves in the parts a a and thereby rotatively supporting the carriers from the frame. The shaft bis rotativelymountedin the bearing a at its ends and passes through the hollow hubs of the carriers D and F,between which it has the hubs b of the carrier E keyed to it. Near its ends the shaft 1) has pinions 19 which mesh with idlers b I)", a large pinion I) being carried on the same shaft as idler b and meshing with an internal spur-gear b on the adjacent hub a of the carriers D and F,

whereby these carriers are driven from the shaft, the proportions of the intervening gears being suited to the relative rotative speed desired between the adjacent carriers,

the proportions shown being suited to secure an equal degree of rotation-one-twelfth of a revolution for all the carriers.

On its end the shaft 12 carries a ratchetwheel I) and a swinging arm b carrying a pawl b engaging the ratchet and turning it one tooth with each movement of the arm.

The arm is connected by a rod 5 with 'a grooved cam b on the driving-shaft B, which cam has a long rest I) and a short rise I), the latter serving to operate the ratchet during the portion of the revolution of the driving-shaft which is to be utilized for moving the carriers, while the rest avoids operation of the ratchet during the balance of such revolution, during which time the other operations to be performed by the machine can take place.

Each of the carriers is essentially a wheel or drum the periphery of which is cut away to make room for the tracks T and the move acent thereto.

&

ment of the books and clamps longitudinally. Each drum is shown as consisting of a single metal casting having spokes c, ending in heads 0, in which the tracks T are formed as V-shaped or other grooves. The clamps are shown as having rectangular frames 0 having \I-shaped edges 0 fitting the tracks T and adapted to slide longitudinally thereon. To hold the clamps in their respective longitudinal positions in the tracks, any suitable means may be employedas, for example, the beveled sp'ringcatches 0 which are mounted in sockets c in the tracks and snap into V-shaped notches c in the clamps, as best seen in Figs. 9 and 10. These catches are provided throughout the tracks of the carriers and of the support U and are located at the proper positions to engage and hold the clamps at proper points. They should yield to the push of the feeders K, but should resist accidental displacement of the clamps. For clearness the catches are omitted from the various views other than Figs. 3, 9, and 10.

The cam-shaft C is continuously driven from-the driving-shaft B by the gearing H, which consists of bevel-gears c on the shaft B and on a downwardly-inclining countershaft 0 and bevel-gears c on this countershaft and on the cam-shaft, preferably proportioned to drive both shafts at the same speed. The bevel-gears are outwardly of the cam b and between this cam and the belt-pulleys 6 On its end the shaft C carries a feed-cam K for the bent feeder, a similar cam being carried on the other end of the shaft B for the rear feeder K. (See Figs. 1 to 5.) These cams are drum-cams engaging the levers K near their fulcrums K so that the throw of the cams is multiplied as transmitted to the feed-rods K to give the full stroke necessary for moving the clamps the proper distance. The rods K are preferably straight rods, the ends of which act directly against the ends of the clamps which are ad- The clamp which is directly operated upon by the feeder pushes those in front of it a distance equal to the length of a clamp. After each operation the feed-rod K retires, and the succeeding clamp is moved into place by the drum 1) or F. Rods K move through slides K and when retracted the ends of the rods assume positions within the slides, as shown in Fig. 3. The throw of the cams K is suitably adjusted to effect the feed of the clamps at the proper time and while the carriers and other parts are in proper position.

The cam-shaft C carries a closer-cam L for operating the closer L, a gummer-cam M for operating the first gummer M, and super cams N bl for operating the applier N, a second gummer-cam O for operating the second gummer O, and lining-cams P, P, and

P for the liner P.

The books are fed to the clamps from the table S, which is shown as an adjustable table carried from the frame of the support U by screws U. The clamps preferably consist of two plates 1, movable against the sides of the book and carried from the frame a by Wings 1 sliding in tracks I in the ends of the frames, which tracks serve as guides for the plates 1. The plates are retracted or opened by springs 1* and are caused to open equal distances from the medial or central horizontal line of the frame by links 1 which are jointed. together by a pin 1, playing-in a slot 1 The plates are fastened in their closed position against the sides of the book by cams J, which are snail-cams or eccentrics fulcrumed at J 2 to the ends of the frames and wedging their edges against the wings I to frictionally lock the latter in the tracks when in one position and freeing these wings when in the released position. These locks J are caused to move together by a toggle J the links of which are pivoted at their outer ends to the cams at J and together at their inner ends to the slide J When the toggle is straightened, it forces the cams to the locked position and as the toggle passes the dead-center prevents unlocking of the cams, which thus hold the plates stationary until the toggle is broken. The slide J is preferably a U-shaped bar, the ends of which slide in transverse grooves J G in the frame 0 and the middle of which uniting the ends extends from end to end of the clamp at rear of the books and has upward and downward projections J and J 8 near its center, by which it can be operated to throw the toggle J to the closed or open position. As shown, a releaser R, consisting of a projecting finger in the path of the projection J serves to throw the slide inwardly to release the clamps as the clamps move to the position 6 shouui in Fig. 3, and a closer X, consisting of a plate standing in the path of the projection J when the slides are in the unlocked position, serves to draw the slides to the locked position as the clamps move from the position 1 in Fig. 3. The slot 1 is for convenience formed in the slide J but is of such length that there is no interference with the movement of the slide, which is always the same, while the extent of closing of the plates varies with the thickness of the book to be clamped.

To provide for automatically clamping books of varying thickness, this invention comprises a compensating closing apparatus in the construction described for the clamp and the means for automatically setting the plates against the book, which will now be described as the "closer" L. In the form shown this comprises two yielding closers L moving toward and from the plates I to seat the latter against a book with the desired force, after which they yield and permit further movement toward the book of their car riers L which carriers are driven in any suitable manner from the cam L, as by the toggle L through the medium of a connectingrod 11', bell-cranks L", and connectingrods L The bell-cranks are mounted on-brackets L on the tracks T of the support U. The toggles are carried by brackets L, projecting from the support U, and at their inner ends are connected rigidly but adjustably to the carriers L by screws L passing through blocks L, to which the toggles are jointed, and rotatively engaging the carriers L and loosely passing through large holes L in the brackets L". The closers L are connected to the carriers L by loose bolts L carrying springs L, the yield of which determines the force with which the plates 1 are pressed against the books. When the pressers move the plates against the books, the carriers L move with the pressers until the resistance of the springs is overcome, whereupon the pressers remain stationary and the carriers continue their movement toward the books. In this continued movement the carriers operate the cams J to lock the clamps. Adjustable screws (1 in the ends of the carrierslfi, striking noses d on the cams, are shown for swinging the latter. These screws swing the cams forcibly to the locked position as the carriers move after the pressers, the adjustment being such that at the completion of the predetermined movement of the carriers the cam will be set so tight against the wings I that they will prevent opening movement of the plates. In thus moving the cams the toggle J isstraightened, thus throwing the slide J to the locked position. As soon as the movement of the carriers L is completed they are returned by the toggles L to their upward position, drawing the closers-U away from the plates and freeing the clamps, which are now held closed by the straightened toggle J preventing unlocking of the cams J. The closers L open sufliciently to clear the noses d of the cams J. Should the slide J not be sufficiently retracted or the toggle be not quite to the dead-center, as soon as the cams start to feed from position 1 toward the carrier D the closing-plate X will draw the slide J to the fully-closed position.

The books are fed to the clamps while the latter are at rest against endwise movement and are automatically clamped during such period and at any suitable part of the revol u. tion of the cam-shaft C. For this purpose the closer-cam L is suitably constructed, that shown being a grooved cam having a long rest L during which the closer is inactive, and a sharp rise and fall, during which the rod L is raised or lowered for throwing the closer toward and from the active position. A lever L having a cam-roller, is preferably employed for transmitting the motion from the cam to the rod. Whatever the thickness of the book, the plates 1 will be closed on it, and the cams J will lock them in their closed position, the links'Fdnsuring that the book shall be disposed midway between the top and bottom of the clamp. Thus the adjustment for clamping the books is entirely automatic.

The primary gummer M, which is the first device to which the book is presented after entering the carriers, comprises several features of improvement which will now be described in detail, referring particularly to Figs. 6 and 7. This gummer is designed to apply adhesive to the back of the book throughout the length thereof without applying any to the ends. For this purpose the gummer strikes the book near its middle and wipes gum from this point outwardly to the end and then makes a return stroke, again striking the book near the middle and wiping gum thereon outwardly to the other end, after which the gummer passes to the gum-box and takes up a fresh supply of adhesive for the following operation. The gummer acts on the book while the latter and its carrier are at rest and is operated by the cam-shaft C, which carries the cam M for this purpose. As shown, the gummer M comprises a frame M a gum-box h a track M a brush M and carriage M therefor sliding on the track, and shifter M a pinion M and a spur-gear M The spur-gear drives the shifter and is itself driven by a connecting-rod 1 bellcrank M and connecting-rod- M from the cam M, which cam is a grooved cam adapted to oscillate the spur-gear in such manner that the shifter shall throw the brush down into the gum-box and back and forth therein and then up to the book and preferably twice back and forth thereagainst For this purpose the cam-groove has a rest M at which the brushis between its upper and lower positions, rises and falls M which throw the brush back and forth along the book, and rises and falls M which swing the brush back and forth in the gum-box. A slight movement at the cam serves to provide sufficient movement for the brush by reason of the difference in size between the pinion and spur-gear, the extreme oscillation required for the pinion being about two-thirds of a revolution. yieldingly swiveled to the middle of the brush-body by a pivotal block M, which slides in a slot M being held outwardly by a spring and checked in its outer movement by a screw-stop, so that the brush can yield to an unduly-projecting book and can be adjusted in its outward position. The brush proper is divided at its middle and consists of two relatively oblique sets of bristles, one of which acts with its advancing edge during one movement of the brush and the other of which acts with its advancing edge during the other movement. The brush is tilted to The carriage M is shown as I cause its advancing edges to act, this being preferably done by means of projecting pins or studs M on the brush, between which the shifter M loosely plays, so that the movement of the shifter against one of these projections will tilt the brush-body until the other projection strikes the carriage M, whereupon continued movement of the shifter will draw the brush and carriage to the end of its stroke, after which as the stroke of the shifter reverses there will be lost motion until it strikes the other projection, whereupon it will first tilt the brush in the opposite direction and will then draw it back with its advancing edge against the book. The carriage is preferably mounted on a belt M which runs over pulleys M mounted in the track M*, which facilitates movement of the brush and reduces friction.

To disconnect the gummer M, a suitable disengaging device is provided. *We prefer to use a treadle M the inner end of which lifts the bell-crank M upwardly until its slot M is free from the pin M on the slide M whereupon the gummer will cease to participate in the movement of the slide. The bellcrank is shown as Vertically movable on a post M and is forced downwardly by a spring M The next device acting on the book is the super-applier N. This is operated from the cam-shaft C by means of pinion-cams N and N formed in opposite faces of the same disk, and is best constructed as a hopper or box, in which a pile of properly-cut super-cloths are placed, the pile being lifted until the uppermost super is pressed against the glued back of the book, where it is left as the pile falls. Our invention provides a device for this purpose comprising various features of improve ment. In its preferred form the super-applier comprises a box consisting of side walls N fixed to posts N and connected adjustably to end pieces N, carrying adjustable side gages N, between which pieces and gages the supers are carried by a bottom N the box being movably vertically and being for this purpose carried in slideways N, into which its posts N fit. The bottom N rises with the walls of the box until the top edges of the walls is close to the back of the book when the latter stands in position 3. Then the box remains stationary and the bottom rises a sufficient distance to force the uppermost super against the back of the book, whereupon the bottom falls to its normal position in the box and the whole box falls to its inactive position. As the depth of the pile of supers diminishes the bottom rises within the box to maintain the top of the pile near the top of the box. The construction shown for accomplishing this consists of a number of notches N 9 on the posts bl and a number of catches i on the bottom adapted to engage the notches as the bottom rises within the box, so that the bottom must rise with the box by reason of engagement between the catches and notches and can rise independently of the box and can rise for a distance less than the height of a notch and can fall back to its previous osition; but when rising the full height of a notch its catches will engage in the next notch, and thus change its normal position within the box. The box is raised by toggles N ,en gaging at their ends posts N and the slideways N and connected at their knuckles by links N with aconnecting-rod N operated by the cam N a cross-bar N connecting the links to the rod. The cam N has a long rest N and a rise N the rise being suflicient to lift the box a predetermined distance once each revolution of the cam. Thus the box will have a periodical uniform movement and during this movement it will carry the bottom N with it. To give the independent movement to the bottom, another toggle N is provided, which is connected at one end to a slideway N and at its other end to a lifting bottom N movably connected bybolts U to the bottom N from which it is held at some distance and yieldingly by springs N, which springs are sufficient in tension to raise the bottom U with the lifter N with suflicient force to properly press a super against the back of a book and to yield to a greater force, so that the full movement of the lifter N can take place. This lifter has a regular movement imparted to it by the toggle N", which is operated by a connecting-rod N driven by the cam N which cam has a rest N and a rise N corresponding with those before described and also an additional rise N which latter serves to elevate the lifter N after the upward movement of the box ceases. The toggles N and N are of like proportions and arrangement, so that they work together during the action of the coinciding portions of the cams N N The lifting bottom N is elevated with the bottom N as the catches of the latter engage the successive notches, and to preserve a corresponding adjustment between it and its toggle the bottom is provided with like notches N on its downwardly-guiding proj ection N which notches are opposed to the point N of the toggle N and are successively engaged thereby, so that as the bottoms rise this toggle maintains a substantially uniform relation to the lifting bottom N. All the toggles move together until the rise N acts on the toggle N when the latter lifts the supers a little above the box. This lifting raises the catches in their notches as the supers are removed until the catches engage the next notch, which holds the bottom N against falling, so that the heads of the bolts or stops N check the fall of the bottom N at a point one notch higher than before as this bottom falls. The continued upon the rise N of the cam on one of the notches N The gum-roller O plied, again coated with adhesive,

buckling of the toggle N draws its point N downwardly until this point catches the notch below that which it previously engaged. This operation is continued until the pile of supers is exhausted, whereupon the catches N and the toggle-point N are disengaged from the notches and the bottom N and bottom carrier N are restored to their lower positions, in which a new pile of supers is placed in the box.

It will be understood that the box rises and falls alternately at each operation and that the bottom is lifted with the box to the upward. limit of movement of the box, where- N becomes active and lifts the bottom slightly above the point to which it was carried by the box, its upward movement being limited by the book-back and the catches N sliding idly At each operation one of the supers is removed, and when enough have been removed to diminish the pile a distance approximately equal to the length of a notch the catches N pass upward and engage the next succeeding notch.

The yielding nature of the supers and the pressure with which they are applied to the books suffices to properly adhere them; but, if desired, they may be subsequently further or more fully pressed against the backs of the books in any usual or suitable manner.

After the supers have made a circuit of the carrier E, during which their gum is sufficiently dried, they are, if a lining is to be apwhich is done by .the second gummer O, operated by the cam O. This gummer comprises a frame 0 on which is yieldingly and adjust ably held a track 0 supported by springs O and adjustably limited in its upward movement by bolts 0 which track has a horizontal portion opposite the book and depressed ends beyond the latter and guides a recipro cating roller O, which is oscillated by a link 0 connected to a lever 0 fulcrumed to the post 0 and connected by a link 0 with a bell-crank O mounted on a post 0 and having a slot 0 engaging the pin 0 of a sliding rod 0 which. is reciprocated by the cam O. The bell-crank is held down on the 0st 0 by a spring 0 against which it can be lifted by a treadle O to disengage its slot 0 from the pin 0 and throw the gummer out of action. A gum-box O is shown in which is a roller O revolved by a belt 0 driven by a pulley O?" on the cam-shaft. at the end of its stroke at the left rests against the roller 0 and is gummed thereby. The cam 0 leaves the gum-roller O in contact with the roller 0 except during the period of gumming, which is while the book is at rest at the position4, during which time the cam carries the roller 0 across the book from end to end and back to its position of rest. The track yields to 'P on one of the feed-rollers.

an unusually-projecting book. The depressions at the end of the track prevent application of gum to the end edges of the book. The gum here applied is placed on the back of the super, which the book now carries, covering that portion of the back to which the lining is to be pasted.

From the second acircuit of the carrier E and is brought to rest at position 5, where the lining is to be applied. The liner, as shown in Figs. 1, 6, and 18, comprises a roll of paper P trimming-knives P feed-rolls P, a cutter P, a presser P and mechanism for operating these parts mounted on a frame P. The feed-rolls are driven from the cam P by means of a rod P retracted by a spring P and adjustably connected to a slot in an arm P carrying a pawl P engaging a ratchet P on a spur-gear P, which drives a pinion The feed is adjusted to project exactly the width of paper desired for the lining at each throw of the cam. The paper as fed is drawn between the trimming-rollers P which clip the edges to the desired length.

The knife P works across the edge of a table P and is fixed to the ends of reciprocating rods P, on which are yieldingly carried a presser-bar P, against which a spring P acts. The bar clamps the paper with the downward movement of the rods P, and the continued movement of these rods compresses the spring until the rods have moved far enough to carry the knife through the paper, whereupon the parts rise and remain at rest until the next cut is to be made, leaving the paper on the presser P on which. it is held at the desired point by a gage P adjustably held to the edge of the presser. The knife is operated through a bell-crank P and rod P from the cam P The presser P of the book at position 5 and rises with the lining on it until it presses the latter against the back of the book, as shown in Fig. 18. The presser is carried by a rising frame P sliding in the frame P and sustaining the presser yieldingly on a spring P, so that it can yield to books of different projection. The presser is lifted through the medium of a bell-crank P and rod P by the cam P. To hold the lining on the presser, the latter is gummer the book makes is opposite the point of rest constructed with a hollow body having a perforated top, which engaged by a clutch P splined to the shaft C and thrown into and out of active position by a treadle P.

To press the lining on the back, we employ the presser Q, which acts against the book at its next rest beyond the position 5. This is shown as a pressing-brush Q, carried by a swinging frame Q which is fulcrumed on a post Q and is swung in an oblique plane radially of the carrier toward and from the carrier E by a cam Q through the medium of a rod Q and lever Q fulcrumed to a bracket Q and connected to the frame by a link Q The cam Q throws the brush toward the book, so that the edge of the brush will strike near the middle of the book, and holds it there until the stroke of the brush carries it past the end of the book. Then the brush makes a reverse stroke and the cam drops the brush away from the book, raising it again for the next book. The brush is shown as a divided brush having two sets of bristles obliquely inclined with a space between them. It is carried by a body Q which is pivoted at Q to a sliding block 11 and below its pivotal point is connected to a chain Q which runs over a sprocket-pinion Q in the end of the swinging frame and over asprocket-gear Q fulcrumed on the pivotal axis Q of the frame. The sprocket-wheel Q is oscillated, by means of a pitman Q lever Q and rod Q", from the cam which causes the chain to first move in one direction and then in the other direction a suflicient distance to move the brush longitudinally of the book in a plane parallel with the back of the book across and past the end of the book first one way and then the other. When the motion of the chain is reversed at the end of the stroke, it first tilts the brush to the opposite side, thus pressing its edge to the back of the book, which edge strikes the back inwardly of the end and then advances along the back to the other end, which it passes, whereupon the motion of the chain is again reversed, which tilts the brush to the opposite position, so that its other edge is the advancing edge and is against the back of the book, along which it advances until it passes off the end of the book. Then the frame drops and frees the brush from the book. Thus the brush is prevented from catching the edge of the lining and tearing it off the book. Stops Q may be provided to limit the lost motion of the brush.

From. the brush-the book passes to the front feeding position, where it is pushed by the front feeder K to the discharge position, where its clamp is released and the book may be removed.

Our invention provides an improved construction which may be employed for pressing home on the back of the book any pasted part applied thereto, having the same purpose as the bearer Q. This improved presser is shown as a yielding flexible presser R, fulcrumed to the frame on a shaft R extending rearwardly over the shaft B and swung by a cam R on said shaft B toward and from the back of the book in the next position following that on which the super was applied to the book, so that it presses the super thoroughly onto the book as soon as the book is removed one position from the position 3. It is immaterial, however, what the exact position of the presser R is or which of the pressing operations it performs. The'presser is shown as composed of a cast-metal frame having a sleeve R, receiving the shaft R separated arms R extending outwardly from the sleeve and carrying between them an antifriction-roller R, which rides on the cam R and carrying at their ends a plate R on which is tightly secured the edge of a rub ber or other flexible or yielding sheet or piece R which bulges upwardly from the plate and forms a closed chamber R thereover, which chamber is filled with liquid, gas, or other flexible or yielding or mobile material which can move or yield as the sheet is pressed against the back of the book during the upthrow of the cam, so that the sheet will hug or embrace the curved back of the book, as shown in Fig. 5, and which will restore the sheet to its normal position upon the downthrow of the cam. This presser will adapt itself to any size of book and compensate for any differences in projection. It moves toward the book while the latter is stationary and retires in time to be out of the path of the book when the latter is to be moved. It is best seen in Figs. 2, 5, 7, and 22.

' From the foregoing description the operation of the preferred form of our present improvements will be so clearly understood as to render it unnecessary to describe the same any further than to say that the books fed in by the operator to the clamps at position 1 will be automatically clamped and carried successively to the first gummer, then to the super-applier, then to the super-presser R, then to the second gummer, then to the lining-applier, then to the lining-presser O, and then around to the discharging position 6, at which point as each book is released a fresh one will be supplied to the clamp. Should any operation be imperfectly performed, the gummers and appliers can be thrown out of action until the defective book has passed such mechanism or any one can be thrown out temporarily in order to skip any book.

It will be seen that our invention provides an improved machine which can be readily and advantageously availed of and which while especially applicable to lining up books is also applicable to various other operations incident to book -mak1ng. Our lmprove- 

